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A Curated List of Original and Relevant Research, Studies & Articles

“The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them.”

– William Henry Bragg

The list of scientific papers and Pose Method research provided here may not include all papers, articles and scientific works. Presented here are the works currently available for public information.

POSE METHOD® WORKS

  1. Diebal-Lee AR, Kuenzi RS, Rábago CA. Return to running following a knee disarticulation amputation: a case report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Aug;12(4):655-669. PMCID: PMC5534156
  2. Fletcher, G., Bartlett, R., Docksteadder, A. and Romanov, N. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Volume 15, 2015, Issue 2. Determining key biomechanical performance parameters in novice female rowers using the Rosenberg and Pose techniques during a 1 km ergometer time trial. DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2015.11868826
  3. Fletcher, G., Bartlett, R. and Romanov, N.S. Critical comment on the current athletic sprint start and a new Pose sprint start technique. Applied Research In Coaching And Athletics Annual, 30, 15-39, 2015
  4. Pieter H. Helmhout, PhD, MSc, Angela R. Diebal, PT, DSc, Lisanne van der Kaaden, MSc, Chris C. Harts, MSc, Anthony Beutler, MD, and Wes O. Zimmermann, MD. Orthop J Sports Med. 2015 Mar; 3(3): 2325967115575691. The Effectiveness of a 6-Week Intervention Program Aimed at Modifying Running Style in Patients With Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome. DOI: 10.1177/2325967115575691
  5. Fletcher G, Bartlett R, Romanov N (2014) A Case Study of Two National Standard Sprinters Completing a Pose and Traditional Sprint Start Technique. J Athl Enhancement 3:2. DOI:10.4172/2324-9080.1000145
  6. Romanov, N.S. General Movement Theory. Chuvash State Pedagogical University, Text book, 2014
  7. A. Pyanzin, N. Romanov, V. Vasilyev, G. Fletcher. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation. – Vol. 19. – Iss. 9. – 06 Sep 2012. Specifics in running kinematics developed by Pose Method in disabled sprinters with cerebral palsy. DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2012.19.9.521
  8. Fletcher, G., Fraser, S., Docksreader, A., Romanov, N. A Theoretical Analysis of a Truly Synchronous Rowing Technique: The New Pose Method and Three Well-established Rowing Techniques. Applied Research In Coaching and Athletics Annual, Volume 27, 2012
  9. B. И. Васильев, А. И.Пьянзин. Формирование целостной системы движений в беге нa ocнoвe пoзной тexники y бeгyнoв c пopaжeниeм oпopнo-двигaтeльнoгo aппapaтa. Aктyaльныe вoпpocы физичecкoй кyльтypы и cпopтa: мaтериалы XV Bсepoccийскoй нayчнo-пpaктичecкoй кoнфepeнции c мeждyнapодным yчacтиeм (г. Toмcк, 29-30 марта 2012 г.). – Томск: Издательство ТГПУ, 2012. – С. 299–302 (0,38 п.л.).
  10. Н. С. Романов, А. И. Пьянзин, Е. В. Никитина, В. И. Васильев. Роль силы тяжести в ускорении тела бегуна вперед. Актуальные вопросы физической культуры и спорта: материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. – Новочебоксарск: НФ РГУФКСМиТ, 2012. – С. 75–80 (0,31/0,08 п.л.).
  11. Diebal, A. R., Gregory, R., Alitz, C., & Gerber, J. P. (2012). Forefoot running improves pain and disability associated with chronic exertional compartment syndrome. The American journal of sports medicine, 40(5), 1060–1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512439182
  12. Васильев, В. И. Влияние позного метода обучения на кинематику беговых шагов квалифицированных спортсменов-инвалидов с детским церебральным параличом / В. И. Васильев, Н. Н. Пьянзина / Педагогико-психологические и медико-биологические пpoблeмы физичecкoй кyльтypы и cпopтa. – 2012. – №1 (22). – C. 11-15 (0,38/0,19 п.л.).
  13. MAJ Angela R. Diebal, PT, DPT, Dr. Robert Gregory, PhD, COL Curtis Alitz, MD, and LTC J. Parry Gerber, PT, PhD. Effects of forefoot running on chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Dec; 6(4): 312–321. PMCID: PMC3230159
  14. A Comparison of Pedaling Mechanics in Experienced Pose and Traditional Cyclists. (UNIVERSITY OF THE FRASER VALLEY, BC, CANADA; POSE TECH, MIAMI, FL, USA; BRUNEL UNIVERSITY, LONDON, UK, 2011)
  15. Effect of ‘Pose’ Cycling on Efficiency and Pedaling Mechanics. (Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University; EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 2011)
  16. Fletcher, Graham, Roger Bartlett and Nicholas Romanov. “International Quarterly of Sport Science 2010 / 2 1 BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS IN POSE RUNNING AND HEEL-TOE RUNNING.” (2011) | Read Online |
  17. Пьянзин, А. И. Кинематика беговых шагов лиц с поражением опорно-двигательного аппарата при освоении Позной техники бега / А. И. Пьянзин, В. И. Васильев / Aктyaльныe пpoблeмы физичecкoгo вocпитaния и cпopтивнoй тpeниpoвки  yчaщeйcя  мoлoдeжи  : материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. – М. : НОУ РГУФК, 2009. – С. 108–112 (0,25/0,12 п.л.).
  18. Gravity’s role in accelerated running – a comparison of an experienced Pose® and heel-toe runner.(INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS BIOMECHANICS, XXV11, 374-377, 2009)
  19. Васильев, В. И. Потенциал Позного® метода при обучении технике бега легкоатлетов-бeгyнoв c пopaжeниeм oпopнo-двигaтeльнoгo aппapaтa / B. И. Васильев / Aктyaльныe пpoблeмы физичecкoй кyльтypы и cпopтa : материалы Meждyнаpoднoй нayчнo-пpaктичecкoй кoнфepeнции. – Чебоксары : Чуваш. гос. пед. ун-т, 2009. – С. 447-450 (0,25 п.л.).
  20. Васильев, В. И. Kинeмaтичecкиe ocoбeннocти бeгa нa ocнoвe Пoзнoй тexники y бeгунoв c пopaжeниeм oпopнo-двигaтeльнoгo aппapaтa / В. И. Васильев, А. И. Пьянзин // Oпыт cпopтивнoгo нacлeдия – Унивepcиaдe-2013 : мaтepиaлы Meждународнoй нayчнo-пpaктичecкoй кoнфepeнции. – Haбepeжныe Чeлны : KамГАФКСиТ, 2009. – C. 256-258 (0,25 п.л.).
  21. The Pose Method Technique Improves Running Performance Without Economy Changes. (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING, 2008)
  22. Runners Do Not Push Off the Ground But Fall Forwards Via a Gravitational Torque. (SPORTS BIOMECHANICS JOURNAL, 2007)
  23. The Pose Method: A Biomechanical And Physiological Comparison with Heel-Toe Running. (SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY, UK, 2007)
  24. Geometry of Running. (EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE, July 5-8, 2006 Switzerland)
  25. Romanov, N. Running: Problems of Teaching and Training. Moscow, Russia: Theory and Practice of Physical Culture, April 2005
  26. Dallam GM, Wilber RL, Jadelis K, Fletcher G, Romanov N. Effect of a global alteration of running technique on kinematics and economy. J Sports Sci. 2005 Jul;23(7):757-64. DOI: 10.1080/02640410400022003
  27. Arendse RE, Noakes TD, Azevedo LB, Romanov NS, Schwellnus MP, Fletcher G. Reduced Eccentric Loading of the Knee with the Pose Running Method. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Feb;36(2):272-7. DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000113684.61351.B0
  28. Romanov, N. Role of Gravity in Pedaling Technique in Cycling. Moscow, Russia: Theory and Practice of Physical Culture, No.5, 2004
  29. Sol, C. Impact Forces at the Knee Joint: A Comparative Study on Running Styles. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University; 2001
  30. Romanov, N. Raising Reliability Level of Elite High Jumpers’ Performance at the Stage of Immediate Pre-Competition Preparation. Moscow, Russia : Russian State Academy of Physical Culture, 1990
  31. Romanov, N. The Pose Method of Teaching Running Technique. Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia: Chuvash State Pedagogical Institute ; 1988
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RELEVANT WORKS

This curated list is updated regularly, please check back often for more reading material. Last Updated: April 28, 2025

  1. Abigail K. Allison, MS, ATC; Kirsten L. Ishikawa, MS, ATC; John Parry Gerber, PT, PhD, ATC; Christopher Dewing, MD J Athl Train (2023) 58 (4): 345–348. Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Resolved With Running Gait Retraining: A Case Report. https://doi.org/10.4085/85.22
  2. Hutchinson, L.A., Lichtwark, G.A., Willy, R.W. et al. The Iliotibial Band: A Complex Structure with Versatile Functions. Sports Med 52, 995–1008 (2022). DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01634-3
  3. Saveko A, Brykov V, Kitov V, Shpakov A, Tomilovskaya E. Adaptation in Gait to Lunar and Martian Gravity Unloading During Long-Term Isolation in the Ground-Based Space Station Model. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;15:742664. Published 2022 Jan 12. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.742664
  4. Farina KA, Hahn ME. Increasing Step Rate Affects Rearfoot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces during Running. Biology (Basel). 2021;11(1):8. Published 2021 Dec 21. DOI:10.3390/biology11010008
  5. Erin M Miller, PhD(c), ATC, Michael S Crowell, SP, USA, Jamie B Morris, SP, USA, John S Mason, SP, USA, Rebeca Zifchock, PhD, Donald L Goss, SP, USA (Ret.) Gait Retraining Improves Running Impact Loading and Function in Previously Injured U.S. Military Cadets: A Pilot Study. Military Medicine, Volume 186, Issue 11-12, November-December 2021, Pages e1077–e1087, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa383
  6. Burns, G.T., Gonzalez, R., Zendler, J.M. et al. Bouncing behavior of sub-four minute milers. Sci Rep 11, 10501 (2021). DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-89858-1
  7. Wes O. Zimmermann, C. W. Linschoten, N. R. I. Van Valderen,  A. Beutler. Gait retraining reduces vertical ground reaction forces in running shoes and military boots. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) 2019 DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.014
  8. Bowser BJ, Fellin R, Milner CE, Pohl MB, Davis IS. Reducing Impact Loading in Runners: A One-Year Follow-up. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Dec;50(12):2500-2506. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001710.
  9. Folland, J. P., Allen, S. J., Black, M. I., Handsaker, J. C., & Forrester, S. E. (2017). Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 49(7), 1412–1423. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001245
  10. Firminger, Colin R. et al. The influence of minimalist footwear and stride length reduction on lower-extremity running mechanics and cumulative loading. Volume 19, Issue 12, Dec 2016, pp 975-979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.03.003
  11. Moore I. S. (2016). Is There an Economical Running Technique? A Review of Modifiable Biomechanical Factors Affecting Running Economy. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 46(6), 793–807. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0474-4
  12. Baltich, J., Maurer, C., Nigg, B.M., Increased Vertical Impact Forces and Altered Running Mechanics with Softer Midsole Shoes. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 21;10(4):e0125196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125196.
  13. Heiderscheit BC, Chumanov ES, Michalski MP, Wille CM, Ryan MB. Effects of step rate manipulation on joint mechanics during running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):296-302. DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ebedf4
  14. Nummela, A., Keränen, T., & Mikkelsson, L. O. (2007). Factors related to top running speed and economy. International journal of sports medicine, 28(8), 655–661. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-964896
  15. Chang, Y. H., Huang, H. W., Hamerski, C. M., & Kram, R. (2000). The independent effects of gravity and inertia on running mechanics. The Journal of experimental biology, 203(Pt 2), 229–238. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203.2.229
  16. Cavanagh, Peter R., Ed. (1990). Muscle Activity in Running, the Extensor Paradox Experiment. Biomechanics of Distance Running. Human Kinetics Books.
  17. Alexander, A.M., 1988, Springs as energy stores: running. Elastic mechanisms in animal movement. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 31-50.
  18. MacIntyre, D.L., & Robertson, D.G.E. (1987). EMG profiles of the knee muscles during treadmill running. In Bengt Jonsson (Ed.), Biomechanics X-A (pp.289-294). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  19. Mann, R. A., Moran, G. T., & Dougherty, S. E. (1986). Comparative electromyography of the lower extremity in jogging, running, and sprinting. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 14(6), 501–510. DOI: 10.1177/036354658601400614
  20. Basmajian, J.V., & Deluca, C.J. (1985). Muscles alive (5th ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
  21. Nilsson, J., Thorstensson, A., & Halbertsma, J. (1985). Changes in leg movements and muscle activity with speed of locomotion and mode of progression in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 123, 457-475.
  22. Schwab, G.H., Moynes, D.R. Jobe, F.W., & Perry, J. (1983). Lower extremity electromyographic analysis of running gait. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 176, 166-170.
  23. Pare, E.B., Stern, J.T., & Schwartz, J.M. (1981). Functional differentiation within the tensor fasciae latae. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 63-A(9), 1457-1471.
  24. Mann, R.A., & Hagy, J.L. (1980a). Biomechanics of walking, running, and sprinting. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 8(5), 345-350.
  25. Mann, R.A., & Hagy, J.L. (1980). Running, jogging and walking: A comparative electromyographic and biomechanical study. In J.E. Bateman & A. Trott (Eds.), The foot and ankle (pp.167-175). New York: Thieme-Stratton.
  26. Cavagna, P.R., La Fortune M.A., 1980, Ground reaction forces in distance running, J. Biomech, 13:397-406.
  27. Norman, R.W., & Komi, P.V. (1979). Electromechanical delay in skeletal muscle under normal movement conditions. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 106, 241-248.
  28. Winter, D.A. (1979). Biomechanics of human movement. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  29. Elliot, B.C., & Blanksby, B.A. (1979). The synchronization of muscle activity and body segment movements during a running cycle. Medicine and Science in Sports, 11(4), 322-327.
  30. Cavanagh, P.R., & Komi, P.V. (1979). Electromechanical delay in human skeletal muscle under concentric and eccentric contractions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 42, 159-163.
  31. Grieve, D.W., Pheasant, S., & Cavanagh, P.R. (1978). Prediction of gastrocnemius length from knee and ankle joint posture. In E. Asmussen & K. Jorgensen (Eds.), Biomechanics VI-A (pp.405-412). Baltimore: University Park.
  32. Norman, R.W., Nelson, R.C., & Cavanagh, P.R (1978). Minimum sampling time required to extract stable information from digitized EMGs. In E. Asmussen & K. Jorgensen (Eds.), Biomechanics VI-A (pp.237-243). Baltimore: University Park.
  33. Cavagna, G.A., 1977, Storage and utilization of elastic energy in skeletal muscle. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 5, 89-129.
  34. Warfel, J.H. (1974). The extremities (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
  35. Brandell, B.R. (1973). An analysis of muscle coordination in walking and running gaits. In S. Cerquiglini, A. Venerando, & J. Wartenweiler (Eds.), Medicine and Sport: Biomechanics III (pp. 278-287). Basel, Switzerland: Karger.
  36. Kramer, H., Kuchler, G., & Brauer, D. (1972). Investigations of the potential distribution of activated skeletal muscles in man by means of surface electrodes. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 12, 19-26.
  37. Zuniga, E.M., Truong, X.T., & Simons, D.G. (1969). Effects of skin electrode position on averaged electromyographic potentials. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 50, 264-271.
  38. Cohen, H.L., & Brumlik, J. (1968). A manual of electroneuromyography. New York: Harper and Row.
  39. Cavagna, G.A., Saibene, F.P. and Margaria, R., 1964, Mechanical work in running, J. Appl. Physiol., 19:249-256
  40. Hubbard, A.W. (1939). An experimental analysis of running and of certain differences between trained and untrained runners. Research Quarterly of the American Association of Health and Physical Education, 10(3), 28-38.
  41. Hudgkins, C.V., & Stetson, R.H. (1932, July 15). A unit for kymographic recording. Science, p. 60.
  42. Marey, E.J. (1972). Movement. New York: Arno. (Original work published 1895)
  43. Carlet, M. (1872). Essai experimental sur la locomotion humaine: Etude de la marche [Experimental test on human locomotion: Study of walking]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Sect. Zool., XV.
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